The Federal Government

What is the federal government?

In the United States, the national government is called the federal government, and it has three parts, which are called branches. One of the most important concepts in the U.S. Constitution is checks and balances – this is the idea that responsibilities should be divided up in different parts of government, so that each branch can act as a ‘check’ on the actions of the others and no single person or department has too much power.

The executive branch: enforcing laws, and running the daily operations of the federal government

President of the United States 

Vice-President of the United States 

Federal agency: the Nuclear Regulatory Commission 

Federal agency: the Department of Energy 

Federal agency: the Department of Education 

Federal agency: the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 

Federal agency: the Federal Communications Commission 

Federal agency: the Census Bureau 

The Legislative Branch: making federal laws

What Congress does and how laws are passed 

U.S. Representative 

U.S. Senator 

Agency spotlight: the Congressional Budget Office 

All about redistricting: Issue Explainer and Independent Redistricting Commissions 

The Judicial Branch: interpreting federal laws and the U.S. Constitution, and presiding over federal criminal trials

The federal court system 

Spotlight on: the Supreme Court of the United States